Transitive & Intransitive

Verb Pairs

• 開 akeru // aku

• 閉 shimeru // shimaru

• 閉 togiru (wo)

• 着 tsukeru  // 点 tsuku

• 消 kesu  // kieru (

• 切 kiru // kireru  (disconect)

• 始 hajimeru // hajimaru

• 続 tsuzukeru // tsuzukaru

• 終 oeru // owaru

• 進 susumeru // susumu (advance)

• 止 tomeru // tomaru  *

• 決 kimeru // kimaru

• 残 nokosu  // nokoru

• 見 mitsukeru // mitsukaru

• 落 otosu // ochiru  *

• 入 ireru // hairu  *

• 出 dasu // deru  *

• 上 ageru // agaru  *

• 下 sageru // sagaru  *

• 殖 fuyasu // fueru (increase)

• 減 heru // heyasu (decrease)

• 助 tasukeru // tasukara (rescue)

• 起 okosu // okiru *

• 切 kiru // kireru (snap)

• 売 uru // ureru

• 集 atsumeru // atsumaru* (gather, collect)

• 治 naosu // naoru *

• 片付 katazukeru // katazukaru

• 届 todokeru  // todoku 

• 並 naraberu // narabu *

• 戻 modosu // modoru  **

• 折 oru // oreru  (fold, break)

• 壊  kowasu // kowareru

• 汚  yogosu // yogoreru

• 掛  kakeru // kakaru

• 渡  watasu // wataru **

• ** kaesu  //  kaeru (return) **

• ** kaeru // kawaru (change)

• ** ki wo tsukeru // ki ga tsukaru *

• 脱  nugu // negeru (take off)

• 焼  yaku // yakeru (burn) **

• 乾  kawakesu // kawaku (dry) **

• 濡  nurasu // nureru (wet) **

• 掴  tsukamu // tsukamaru // tsukamaeru (catch / grab) **

• 立 tateru // tatsu (stand, erect)

Intransitive Pairs with a passive feel

"agent" takes "ni

• Win/Lose

  • ___ ni katsu.  ___ will win.

  •  ___ni makeru.  ___ will lose. 

Giving & Receiving

Verb Pairs (Transitive)

• oshieru  // narau (teach & learn)

• kasu // kariru (lend & borrow)

• ageru  // morau (give & get)

• kureru (give me)

• 預 azukeru // azukaru (see note)

Active & Passive

Verb Pairs.

• 生 umu // umareru (give birth)

• 建 tateru // taterareru (build) & tatsu (intransitive)

• 立 tateru // taterareru (errect, stand)

• 育 sodateru //sodatsu (irreg) (raise)

• 殺 korosu // korosareru (kill)

• 取 toru // torareru (take)

• 盗 nusumu // nusumareru (steal)

• 選 erabu // erabareru (ni="for")

• 作 tsukuru // tskurareu (kara="from")

• 踏 fumu // fumareru (step on)

• 信 shinjiru // shinjirareru (beleive)

• 打 utsu / utareru (to strick something)

• 殴  naguru // nagurareru (to hit (a person))

"To" or "with" Verb

• au (meet), to (with), de (where)
• hanasu (speak),  to (with), ni (to), de (how),
• 戦 tatakau (fight), to (with), notameni (for), de (where)
• 比 kura.beru (compare) "A wo B to" (A with B)
• 伝  tsuta.eru (convey)  to (message) ni (to)
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More often negative Verb

• 足 tariru (suffice) // tarinai (not enough) ga (subject)

Random Intransitive

• 逃 ni.geru (run away, escape)  ga (subject) kara (place, thing) kyoushitsu (school) tsuma (wife)

• 流 nagareru (flow), ga (subject - kawa, kumo),  to (what through - sora, machi)

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