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Basic Concepts: Causative and Passive Causative

 

Chart1

Please let me verb

sase tekudasai.

Other

I let them go early.

hayaku kaera seta.

Other

Why don't you let him do it?

naze sasete wa ikenai no ka 

Other

Don't let them.

sasete wa ikenai (desu)

Other

Don't let them!

saseru na!

 

 

Helping Verb  - "te rararu"  Passive

SHOW COERCION - changes standard particle

 

Without:             shachou wa shain wo zangyou  saseta.

He made them work late. ("Let" is grammatically a translation option, but the context sounds like "make".  Using "ni" instead of "wo" give it a "let" feel
 

With "rareru"     Shain wa shachou ni  zangyou  sase rareta..

The employees were forced to work overtime.

 

Helping Verb - Ageru / Morau / Kureru

SHOW PERMISSION - changes the particle to the standard wa/ni

 

kare wa [watashi ni] ikasasete kuremashita

He let me go.

 

[watashi wa] kare ni ikasete moraimashita

I got him to let me go.  (by asking)

 

kare wa karojo ni kairasasete agemashita

He let he go home early

 

kodomo wa sensei koen ni asobasete moraimashita

The children got the teach to let them play in the park. 

 

 

 

 

Request

 

[anata wa watashi ni ] ikase tekudasai

[anata wa watashi ni ] ikasete kuremasenka

Will you let me go. 

 

[watashi wa anata ni ] ikase te moraemasenka

[watashi wa anata ni ]  ikase te itadekemasenka

Could I get you to let me go.
 

[watashi wa anata ni ] ikase te moraitai

Literally Translates:  "I want to get you to let me go"

However, used often as "I like you to go"  (see next note)

 

[Standard Requests]

[watashi wa anata ni ] itte moraitai.

[anata wa watashi ni ] itte kuremasenka.

 

 

 

* I want to get you to go to __

* Would you go for me to __

 

 

Don't Want Request

 

tabe saseraretakunai

I don't want to be forced to eat.
  Hoshii Statement / Request  

 

[watashi wa kare ni ] itte hoshii desu.

Chotto tetsudatte hoshii n desu ga.

Gakusee ni kono hon o yonde hoshii to omou.

Motto yuki ga futte hoshii.

I want him to go to  

I want you to help (me) for a moment.  

I want students to read this book - I think.

I want it to snow more.

 

 

 

By default, saseru is "make".  However a) if you know the desires of the individuals then make let might be obvious 2) also using "ni" with intrasitive verbs, show permission. 
  Intransitive Transitive
Coercive -  make Sensei wa kare wo ikaseta Sensei wa kare ni music wo benkyo saseta.
Permissive - let Sensei wa kare ni ikaseta Sensei wa kare ni music wo benkyo saseta.
     
     
     

  • Means let or make - need to look at structure.

  • "the maker / letter" marked by wa

  • Particles are trick

    • intransitive "doer"   when normally marked by "wo" and this has a "make nuance",  But if you use "ni" has a "let nuance" 

    • transitive "doer" marked by ni.

  • Passive Causative definitely mean "forced" or "made"

    • Particle: Since this is passive, Subject (who is made) wa.  By is

    • often contracted in casual speech:   passive "saseru" is "saserareru"  contracted to sasareu.  I was made to do it.    passive "mataseru" become "mataserareru" contracted to matasareru (I was made to wait)

  • Uses

    • Coercive Causative - make

      • oya wa kodomo ni te wo arawaseru.  Parents make the children wash their hands.

      • kodomo ni hayaku ne saseru no wa hontou daiji desu.   It is important - to make the kids go to be early 

    • Permissive Causative - let

      • context generally tells you let / make. 

      • helping verbs clarify who there is a benefit - effects particles

        • Watashi wa kare ni tsukawa sete ageta.  I let him do it.

        • kare wa watashi ni tsukawa sete kureta.  He (kindly) let me use it.

        • watashi wa kare ni tsukawa sete maratta.  I got him to let me use it.

      • shachou wa shain ni yasumi toraseta.  The president let the employees take a holiday.

    • Permissive Causative - negative i.e rules

      • Gakkou wa seito ni ketai denwa wo tsukawa senai.  (doesn't allow)

      • Gakkou wa seito ni .........sasete wa ikenai.  (prohibit)

    • Emotional response

      • feeler marker wo

      • Verbs used with:  naku (to cry), warau (to laugh), yorokubu (to feel happy), kanashimu (to feel sad), okoru (to get angry), anshin sure (to feel safe),

        • kare wa kanojo wo nakaseta.  (he made her cry)

  • Yurusu - to allow

    • nani nani wo yuru shi tekudasai (please all me to Noun)

    • yurusanai desu.  ( I will not permit)

 

Chart 1: Please let me
 

Verb

 Causative   Nihongo: 

Eigo  - please let me
  kangaeru kangae saseru   kangae sase tekudasai  please let me - think about it
 

suru

saseru

   sase tekudasai  please let me - do it
  iku ikaseru   i kase tekudasai please let me - go
  tabe tabesaseru   tabe sase  tekudasai please let me - eat
  nomu momaseru   no mase tekudasai please let me - drink
  asobu     aso base tekudasai please let me - play
  harau     hara wase tekudasai please let me - pay
  ogoru ogoraseru   ogo rase tekudasai please let me - treat you
  shiru shiraseru   shi rase tekudasai please let me - know
  yasumu yasumaseru   yasu mase tekudasai please let me - rest
  enryo suru enryo saseru   enryo sase tekudasai please let me - refrain (not do)
  tetsudau tetsudawaseru   tetsuda wase tekudasai please let me - help
  jikoshoukai suru jikoshoukai saseru   jikoshoukai sase tekudasai please let me - introduce myself
  iu iwaseru   saigo made  i wase tekudasai please let me - "finish" speak to the end.
  iu iwaseru   ore ni iken wo i wase tekudasai please let me -  state my opinion.
  tsuzukeru tsuzukesaseru   saigo made hanashi wo tsuzuke sase tekudsai please let me - "continue/finish" the story
  nobosu nobosaseru   kettei wo nobo sase tekudasai delay the decision
        dewa de shi rase tekudasai please let me - know by phone
        mazu hana sase tekudasai please let me -speak first
  shitsumon suru shitsumon saseru   shitsumon sase tekudasai please let me -ask question
        sono mae ni shitsumon sase te kure. before that - let me ask you a question.
        chotto ADOBAISU sase tekudasai give you some advice
  hakobu     BAGGU wo hako base tekudasai carry the bag
  hairu hairaseru   ire sase tekudasai let me under (unbrella
  toru toraseru   shashin wo to rase tekudasai take your picture.
        setsume sase tekudasai explain
        makae ni ika se tekudasai go pick them up
        tsukawa se tekudasai use it
        yoma se tekudasai read that
 
 
 

Chart: Causative - Make & Let
 

Verb

 Causative   Nihongo: 

Eigo
 

suru

 

saseru

  

*  sasete wa ikenai

* naze sasete wa ikenai no ka

*  don't let him

*   why do you not allow them do it?
           
 

iku

 

ikaseru

  

[watashi wo] soto e ikase tekudasai.

[watashi wo] soto e ikasete kereta.

[kare wa] watashi wo ikaseta.

Passive:  [watashi wa] ikaserareta

kodomo wo kiken na bashou e ikasete wa ikenai!

* Please let me go outside.

*  He let me go outside.

* He made me go.

I was made to go.

* Let/make them go to  go is bad. 

  taberu tabesaseru  

kodomo ni tabesate wa ikenai!

* don't let.make the eat ____

 

 shiru shiraseru   kanojo no jyuusho wo kare ni shirasete wa ikenai! * don't let him know her address address.

 

matsu

mataseru

  

kanojo wo ma-tasetewa ikenai!

* don't let/make them wait.
           
 

KURU

 

kosareru

 

  

[anata wa kodomo wo]

sugu kosase tekudasai.

Please make him come now.

 

 

 

          

 

          

 

          
 

Notes:

 
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